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Marine Week in Boston, 2010: Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey interiors, with tourists who climb

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Pasted by Wikipedia: Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey • • • • • The Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey is a multi-mission, military tiltrotor Aircraft with both a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL ) , and short takeoff and landing (STOL ) capability. It was developed to provide the functionality of a conventional helicopter with the long-range, high-speed cruise combined performance of a turboprop Flugzeuge.Der V-22 from the U.S. Department of Defense created Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program started in 1981. It was developed jointly by Bell Helicopter and http://en Boeing Helicopters team, how to produce Bell Boeing announced that the airplane. [4] The V-22 first flew in 1989 and years, began flight testing and design Änderungen.Die United States Marine Corps crew training for the Osprey began in 2000, and answered it in 2007. The Osprey is another operator that U.S. Air Force fielded their version of the tiltrotor in 2009. Since joining the U.S. Marine Corps and Air Force, the Osprey has been for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Content • 1 Development • • 1.1 Early Development • • 1.2 Flight test and design changes • • 1.3 Controversy • • 1.4 Recent developments • 2 design • 3 Operational history • • 3.1 U.S. Marine Corps • • 3.2 U.S. Air Force • • 3.3 Potential operators • 4 variants • fifth The operators • 6 Notable accidents • 7 Specifications (MV-22B) • 8 Notable appearances in the media • 9 See also • 10 References • 11 External Links development Early Development The failure of the Iran hostage rescue Mission in in 1980 showed that the United States military necessity [5] for “a new type of aircraft taking off and landing, not only vertically but also could contribute to combat forces, and this at the speed.” [6] the U.S. Department of Defense began the joint-service vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) aircraft program in 1981, at U.S. Army . Later, the U.S. Navy / Marine Corps took the lead. [7] [8] JVX The combined requirements of the Marine Corps, Air Force, Army and Navy. [9] [10] A request for proposals (RFP) was issued in December 1982, preliminary design work for JVX. The interest in the program was of Aérospatiale Bell Helicopter , Boeing Vertol , Grumman Lockheed and Westland . The DoD pushed for contractors to form teams. Bell Boeing Vertol partnership. The Bell Boeing team for a proposal for an enlarged version of the Bell XV-15 prototype at 17 . February 1983. This was the only proposal received and a preliminary contract was signed on 26 April 1983 awarded. [11] [12] The JVX aircraft was designated the V-22 Osprey to 15 January 1985,. Produced in March of that year the first six prototypes were, and Boeing Vertol has been extended to the project workload = [13] href “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki / V-22_Osprey # cite_note-13 “rel =” nofollow “> [14] Work was divided evenly between Bell and Boeing. Bell Helicopter manufactures and integrates the wing, nacelles, rotors, drive system, tail and aft ramp, as well as integrating the Rolls Royce engines and performs the final assembly. Boeing Helicopters manufactures and integrates the fuselage, cockpit, avionics and flight control. [4] [15] The USMC variant of the Osprey MV-22 designation and the Air Force version was received CV-22, reversed from the normal procedure for marine fish eagle, the designation with a conflicting aircraft carriers (CV) prevent [16] Full-scale development of the V-22 tilt-rotor aircraft began in 1986. [2] On 3 May 1986 the Bell-Boeing partnership was awarded a 0.714 billion contract for V-22 aircraft of the Navy, so at this point the project acquisition plans with all four arms of the U.S. military. [17] The first V-22 was introduced with considerable media attention in May 1988 . [18] [19] but the project suffered several political blows. First, in the same year left the army, the program, citing the need to focus their budget on more immediate aviation programs. [20] The project has also faced considerable dialogue in the Senate, two votes, which could both survive cancellation entailed. http://en [21] [22] Despite the Senate’s decision, the Department of Defense, the Navy not to spend more money for the Osprey. [23] At the same time, the Bush Administration tried to cancel the project. [23] Flight Test and Design Changes The first of six MV-22 prototype first flew on 19 March 1989 in the helicopter mode, [24] and on 14 September 1989 as a fixed-wing plane. [25] The third and fourth prototypes successfully completed first Sea Trials on Osprey the USS Wasp in December 1990. crashed [26] However, the fourth and fifth prototypes in 1991 -92. [27] Flight tests were resumed in August 1993 after changes in The prototypes were built. [2] From October 1992 to April 1993, revised to reduce Bell Boeing V-22 and to empty weight, simplify production and reduce production costs. This revised version was the B-model. [28] flight test began four comprehensive development V-22s In early 1997, when the first pre-supplied V-22 to the Naval Air Warfare Test Center, Naval Air Station Patuxent River , Maryland . The first EMD Flight took place on 5 February 1997. The first of four low initial production aircraft was ordered on 28 April 1997, 27 May 1999. Osprey number 10 completed the program from the second Sea Trials, this time from the USS Saipan in January 1999. [2] During external load testing in April 1999 using Boeing to carry V-22 to lift and M777 howitzer . [29] In 2000, Boeing announced that the V would be -22 with a nose mounted GAU-19 Gatling gun [30] but the GAU-19 gun was later annulled. [31] In 2000, there were two more fatal accidents, the killing of a total of 19 Marines, and production was again halted while the cause of these crashes was investigated and various parts were redesigned. [32] The V-22 completed its final operational evaluation in June 2005. The evaluation was successful; events included long range deployments, high altitude, desert and shipboard operations. The problems identified in several accidents have been addressed. [33] controversy The V-22 development process was long and controversial, largely because of its cost increases. [34] If the funds for the development, initially for 5 billion in 1986 planned a planned billion in 1988, then Defense Secretary Dick Cheney tried to zero out its funding. He was eventually overruled by Congress . [32] Since 2008, billions spent on the Osprey program been, and another 2 billion will be needed to complete production is planned figures by the end of the program. [2] The V-22 squadron commander of the former Marine Corps Air Station New River , Lieutenant Colonel Odin Lieberman, his office in 2001 after allegations that He instructed his unit that they forge to maintenance records, the aircraft seem to need a reliable relief. [2] [35] Three officers were involved later in the forgery scandal. [34] The plane is not in a position to auto-rotation , and is therefore not able to land safely in helicopter mode, if both engines fail. A director of the Pentagon’s testing office in 2005 said that if the power failure Osprey in flight like a helicopter below 1,600 feet (490 m ), emergency landings” are probably not survive. ” But Captain Justin (Moon) McKinney, a V-22 pilots, says that this not be a problem: “We can do it on a plane now and then slide it down as a C-130 “. [31] A complete loss of power would be the failure of both engines requiring as a drive shaft connects the nacelles through the wing,. An engine can power both proprotors [36] While vortex ring state (VRS) contributed to V-22 had a fatal accident , is the aircraft less vulnerable to the state than conventional helicopters and recovers faster. [5] The Marines now train new pilots in the recognition and Recovery from VRS and started to help the operating range limits and instrumentation to prevent pilot VRS conditions [32] href = “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-22_Osprey#cite_note-AF_mag_finally-4″rel =” nofollow “> [37] It was planned in 2000, all V-22s with a nose mounted Gatling gun equipped to provide ” The V-22 with a strong defensive firepower capability to significantly increase aircraft survivability in hostile acts. ” gun [30] The nose project was done, however, to what criticism from retired Marine Corps commander Gen. James L. Jones that are not satisfied with the current V-22 armament. [31] A belly-mounted tower was later on some of the first V-22s at the War in Afghanistan in 2009 . [38] With the first combat deployment of the MV-22 in October 2007, Time Magazine published an article condemning the aircraft as uncertain, expensive and totally inadequate. [31] The Marine Corps, however, responded by saying, that a majority of the articles were from the data, outdated, inaccurate and reflects the expectations too high for a new area of ​​the aircraft ran. [39] Recent developments On 28 September 2005, the Pentagon formally approved full-rate production for the V-22. is [40] The plan to increase the production of 11 a year, between 24 and 48 a 2012. Of the 458 planned total of 360 for the Marine Corps, 48 ​​for the Navy and 50 for the Air Force at an average price of € 0 million per aircraft, including development costs. [2] The V-22 had an incremental flyaway million cost per aircraft in 2007, [3] , but the Navy hopes of millions that the cost of shaving five years after production begins to contract in 2008. [41] The Bell-Boeing Joint Project Office in Amarillo, Texas will solve the design of a new integrated avionics processor electronics obsolescence issues and new network features. [42] Design The Osprey is the world’s first production tiltrotor aircraft plant, with a three-bladed proprotor , turboprop engine and transmission car attached to each wing tip. It is as a Powered Hub aircraft by Federal Aviation Administration . [43] For takeoff and landing, it typically operates as a helicopter with the nacelles vertical (rotors horizontal). Once airborne, the nacelles forward by 90 ° in less than 12 seconds for horizontal flight, converting the V-22 to a more economical, higher-turboprop aircraft. STOL rolling-takeoff and landing capability is, by the nacelles tilted forward up to 45 ° is achieved. For compact storage and transport, the spins align the V-22 wing, front-to-back, with the fuselage. The proprotors may appear in a sequence of times under 90 seconds. [44] Most of the missions are Osprey fixed wing Flight 75 percent or more of the time, so the wear on the aircraft and reduces operating costs. [45] This is higher than typical fixed-wing aircraft flight helicopter operations allows a greater range line-of-sight communication, and therefore an improved command and control. [2] Boeing has said that the V-22 design loses 10% of its height above Tiltwing design for operation in helicopter mode because of air resistance through the wings, but that the Tiltrotor design has a better short takeoff and landing performance. [46] The V-22 is equipped with a glass cockpit , which contains four Multi-Function Displays (MFD) and a common Central Display Unit (CDU), so that the pilots on a variety of display images including: digimaps centered or decentered on current position FLIR images, primary flight instruments, navigation ( TACAN , BEFORE ILS GPS , INS ), and system status. The flight director panel of the Cockpit Management System (CMS) allows for fully-coupled (aka: autopilot). Functions which take the aircraft from forward flight to hover a 50-foot without pilot interaction other than programming the system [47] The glass cockpit of the canceled CH -46X was from the V-22. [48] The V-22 is a fly-by-wire aircraft with triple-redundant flight control systems [49] By nacelles fly vertically upwards in conversion mode at 90 ° the flight computers command the aircraft like a helicopter, with cyclic forces applied to a conventional swashplate on the rotor hub. With the cable into the flight mode (0 °) the flaperons , rudder, elevator and fly the aircraft as an airplane. This is a gradual transition and occurs in the swing area of ​​the gondolas. The lower the nacelles, the greater effect of the rudder airplane mode. [50] The gondolas can turn past vertical on 97.5 ° backwards flight. [51] [52] The Osprey can be armed with a href M240 href = nofollow “http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/7.62x51mm_NATO “rel =” “> 7.62x51mm NATO ( 0.308 at caliber ) or M2 .50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine gun at the loading ramp that can be thrown back if the ramp is lowered. A GAU-19 Three-cylinder is 0.50 Gatling Gun under the V-22 mounted nose has also been investigated for future upgrades. [31] [53] BAE Systems developed a remote-controlled weapons turrets for the V-22, [54] , used in the first half of the V-22s to Afghanistan was installed in 2009. [38] The 7.62 mm belly gun turret from a distance by a gunner inside the aircraft, which aims to acquire a separate pod with color TV, and Forward Looking Infrared Bildsprache.US Naval Air Systems Command is working on upgrades to the maximum speed of 250 knots ( 460 hours km, 290 increase mph) to 270 knots (500 mph, 310 mph), increase helicopter mode altitude limit of 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) or 14,000 feet (4,300 m), and increase lift performance. [55] Operational History U.S. Marine Corps Marine Corps conducted the training of crews on the Osprey was VMMT-204 since March 2000. On 3 June 2005, the Marine Corps helicopter http://en squadron