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Simon Bolivar, Castro, Chiloe

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From Wikipedia Simón José Antonio de la Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios y Blanco Ponte Santísima, commonly known as Simón Bolívar (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830) was known, a Venezuelan military and political leader. Together with José de San Martín, he played a key role in Hispanic America’s successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Reiches.Nach the defeat of the Spanish monarchy, Bolívar participated in the founding of the first union of independent states in Latin America, with the name Gran Colombia was, and its president from 1819 to 1830.Simón Bolívar is regarded as a hero in Hispanic America, visionary, revolutionary and liberator. Throughout his life he led Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela’s independence and helped to lay the foundations for a democratic ideology in much of the Spanish Amerika.Der surname comes from the Bolívar Bolívar aristocrats, from a small village in the Basque Country, Spain, called La Puebla de Bolívar came. His father came from the male line of de Ardanza family. His maternal grandmother was, however, some families from Canary Islands, located in the country abstammen.Die Bolivar settled in Venezuela in the sixteenth century. His first ancestor was Simón Bolivar, South American de Bolívar (or Simon de Bolibar, the spelling was standardized only in the nineteenth century), lived and worked with the governor of Santo Domingo from 1550 to 1570th As was the governor of Santo Domingo in 1589 assigned to Venezuela, Simón de Bolívar came with him. As one of the first settlers in Caracas Province, he was in the forefront in the local society, and he and his descendants had estates, encomiendas and positions in the Caracas cabildo gewährt.Die social status of families is the fact that when the Caracas Cathedral was built in 1594, the Bolívar family illustrates one of the first special chapels had. The majority of the wealth of Simón de Bolívar descendants came from the stands. The most important of these goods was a sugar with an encomienda that the labor market needs to put the property available. In later centuries, slave or free black would work most of the encomienda labor replaced EuroMillions Another part of the Bolivar wealth came from the silver, gold, and more importantly, copper mines in Venezuela. In 1632, small gold deposits were mined first in Venezuela, leading to further discoveries of more extensive copper deposits. From his mother’s side, the Palacios family, inherited the copper mines of Bolivar Cocorote. Slaves provided the majority of the workforce in these Minen.Gegen end of the seventeenth century copper exploitation became so prominent in Venezuela that it is known as Cobre Caracas (“Caracas copper”) was. Many of the mines in the possession of the family of Bolivar. Grandfather Juan de Bolívar Bolívar y Martínez de Villegas paid, 22,000 ducats to the convent of Santa Maria de Montserrat in 1728 for a title of nobility, which was by the king, Philip V of Spain granted for their maintenance had. The crown never published the nobility, and so the purchase was made the subject of complaints that were still alive while Bolívar, when the independence of Spain made the point moot. (If this succeeds, Bolívar’s older brother, Juan Vicente, would the Marqués de San Luis and Vizconde de Cocorote have.) Bolivar was able to use his immense family wealth to his revolutionary efforts now to finanzieren.Simón Bolívar in Caracas, captaincy general of Venezuela ( the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela), on 24 Born in July 1783 and was baptized as Simón José Antonio de la Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Santísima. His mother was Doña María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco and his father was Colonel Don Juan Vicente Bolivar y Ponte.Er had two older sisters and one brother: María Antonia, Juana and Juan Vicente. Another sister, María del Carmen, died at the Geburt.Die circumstances of the parents forced them Bolívar, Simón Bolívar, the baby in the care of Dona Ines de Manceba Miyares and to entrust the family slave la negra Hippolyta. A few years later, Bolívar returned to the love and care of his parents, but this traumatic experience would have a serious impact on Bolívar life. With his third birthday, his father Juan Vicente starb.Bolívar father had died when Bolivar was two and a half years old. Bolivar’s mother, Maria de Concepcion Palacios y Blanco, died when he was nine years old approached. He was then not working in the care of a severe teacher, José Miguel Sanz made, but this relationship has, and he sent back to his home. In an effort to provide the best education he received Bolívar private lessons with the renowned Professors Andrés Bello, Guillermo Pelgrón, Jose Antonion Negrete, Fernando Vides, father Andújar and most influential of all, Don Simón Rodríguez, formerly known as Simón known Carreño. Don Simón Bolívar Rodriguez was later to become a friend and mentor, and he eingeflößt.In in the young man’s ideas of freedom, enlightenment and freedom the meantime, all the love, affection and attention that Bolívar by his nursemaid, Hippolyta. Hippolyta gave the young Bolívar all affection he needs and spoiled him in all his wishes and desires. His teacher Don Simón Bolívar understands the young personality and inclinations, and tried from the beginning an empathetic friend. They took long walks through the countryside and mountains climbed. Don Simon Bolivar taught how to swim and ride horses, and in the process, taught him about freedom, human rights, politics, history and Soziologie.Militärische KarriereIm age of fourteen years, had private teacher and mentor Simón Bolívar Rodríguez, around the country to leave as he had been involved in a conspiracy against the Spanish government in Caracas. Therefore replaced the Bolivar Military Academy milicias de Veraguas, which his father had made years earlier, as Colonel. Through these years of military training, he developed a burning passion for arms and military strategy that he dealt with later on the battlefields of the wars of independence würde.Ein few years later, while in Paris, Bolivar saw the coronation of Napoleon in Notre Dame, and this majestic event left a deep impression on him. From that moment he wished that he similarly triumphant glory for the people of his homeland to emulieren.El LibertadorBolívar returned to Venezuela in 1807. In 1813 he was a military command in Tunja, New Granada (now Colombia) where, under the leadership of the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada, the hatte.Von formed from the juntas established in 1810 New Granada, Bolívar began an invasion of Venezuela on 14 May This was the beginning of the famous Admirable Campaign. He entered Mérida on 23 May, where he was proclaimed as El Libertador. This event was the ninth of the occupation of Trujillo June followed. Six days later, on 15 June, he dictated his famous Decree of War to the death. Caracas on 6 August 1813, and Bolívar was named “El Libertador” ratified repeatedly proclaims the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic. Because of the rebellion of José Tomás Boves in 1814 and the overthrow of the republic, he returned to New Granada, where he then commanded a force for the United Provinces and entered Bogotá in 1814, recapturing the city from the dissenting republican forces of Cundinamarca. He is up in March in Cartagena and get the help of local forces in order to capture Royalist Santa Marta. In 1815, after a series of political and military confrontations with the government of Cartagena, Bolivar fled to Jamaica, however, where he was denied assistance, and an attempt was made on his life, whereupon he fled to Haiti, where he was given refuge and protection . He became friends with Alexandre Petion, leader of the newly independent country, and asked him to Hilfe.Im 1817, with Haitian soldiers and vital material support (under the condition that he abolish slavery), Bolívar landed in Venezuela and captured Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar). At that time, Venezuela was a captain of Spain, however, and Bolívar decided that he initially for the independence of New Granada (which was a vice royalty) to fight, will later be consolidated into the independence of Venezuela and other politically less important Spanish territories. The campaign for the independence of New Granada was consolidated with the victory at the Battle of Boyacá in 1819. From this newly consolidated power base, launched almost Bolivar independence campaigns in Venezuela and Ecuador, and these campaigns have been completed with the victories in the Battle of Carabobo in 1821 and the Battle of Pichincha in 1822. On 7 September 1821 the Gran Colombia (a condition for much of modern Colombia, Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador) was created, with Bolívar as president and 26 Francisco de Paula Santander as vice President.Am and 27 July 1822, instead of the Bolivar Guayaquil conference with Argentine General José de San Martín, which was awarded the title of Protector of Peruvian Freedom in August 1821, after partially liberated Peru from the Spanish. After that Bolívar took over the task of fully liberating Peru. The Peruvian congress named him dictator of Peru on 10th February 1824, the Bolívar erlaubt.Unterstützt complete reorganization of the political and military administration of Antonio José de Sucre, Bolívar decisively defeated the Spanish cavalry at the Battle of Junín on 6 August 1824th Sucre destroyed the still numerically superior remnants of the Spanish troops at Ayacucho on 9 Dezember.Am 6th August 1825 was created at the Congress of Upper Peru, the Republic of Bolivia. Bolívar is thus one of the few men in a country named after him has. The Constitution reflects the influence of French and Scottish Enlightenment on Bolívar’s political thought is, like that of the classical Greek and Roman Autoren.Proklamation dictatorial MachtBolívar had great difficulty in control of the vast Gran Colombia. During 1826, internal divisions had caused dissent across the country and regional uprisings erupted in Venezuela, so that the new South American Union reveals its fragility and seemed on the verge of collapse. To preserve the union, an amnesty was declared and an arrangement was reached with the Venezuelan rebels, but this increases the political dissent in neighboring New Granada. In an attempt to keep the nation together as one entity, Bolívar called for a constitutional assembly in April in Ocaña 1828.Bolívar dream had been to create an American style revolution association among all the newly independent republics, with a government, only to be identify and set the rights of individuals. Had this dream to the pressure of special interests of the entire region, which rejected that model and had succumbed to little or no allegiance to liberal principles. For this reason and to prevent a break-up, Bolívar tried to a centralized model of government in Gran Colombia to implement, including some or all elements of the Bolivian constitution he had written to choose a president for life with the ability to include a successor (although theoretically, this presidency has been in check by an intricate system of balances). This move was considered controversial in New Granada, and was one of the reasons that the deliberations in favor of such a constitution with strong resistance met in the Convention of Ocaña, the of 9 April to 10 Met in June 1828. The convention almost ended draft a document that a radically federalist form of government that would have greatly reduced the powers would have implemented a centralized administration. Unhappy with what his subsequent series, retired pro-Bolívar delegates from the convention, so write it in Sterben.Nach the failure of Congress to create a new constitution, Bolívar proclaimed himself dictator on 27th August 1828 by the decree of the dictatorship. He sees this as a temporary measure as a means to restore his authority and save the Republic, although it increased dissatisfaction and anger among his political opponents. An attempt on the 25th September 1828 failed, thanks to the help of his lover, Manuela Sáenz. Bolivar later described as Libertadora Manuela del Libertador (Liberator of the Liberator). Although Bolívar emerged safely from the experiment, this worked much on it yet. Dissent continued, and uprisings came in New Granada, Venezuela, Ecuador and in the next two Jahren.TodSagte: “All who have served the revolution plow the sea,” Bolívar finally entered the 27th of his chairmanship April 1830, with the intention to leave the country to exile in Europe, possibly in France. He already had several boxes (with his belongings and writings, which he had chosen) before sent him to Europe, but he died before the 17th Abfahrt.Am December 1830, at the age of 47 Simón Bolívar died after a painful battle with tuberculosis in the Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino in Santa Marta, Colombia Gran (now Colombia). On his deathbed asked Bolivar’s aide-de-camp, General Daniel F. O’Leary to burn the remaining extensive archive of his writings, letters and speeches. O’Leary disobeyed the order and his writings will remain and provides historians with a great wealth of information about Bolívar liberal philosophy and thought as well as details about his personal life, like his longtime affair with Manuela Sáenz. Shortly before her own death in 1856, Sáenz added this collection by O’Leary were their own letters of Bolívar.Seine mortal remains buried in the Cathedral of Santa Marta. Twelve years later, in 1842 at the request of President José Antonio Páez, they were from Santa Marta to Caracas, where a monument was set for his funeral at the National Pantheon of Venezuela moved. The ‘Quinta’ near Santa Marta as a museum with numerous references available on his life. In 2010, the symbolic remains of Bolivar mistress, Manuela Saenz, buried by his side during a national reunification ceremony honoring them and their role in the Befreiungen.Im January 2008, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez a commission to theories indicating that Bolívar to investigate could have been the victim of an assassination. In April 2010, studied infectious disease specialist Paul Auwaerter existing records of Bolivar, the symptoms and found that he will suffer from chronic arsenic poisoning, but the view that both acute poisoning and murder were unlikely. In July 2010, Bolívar had ordered the body exhumed to voranzubringen.PrivatlebenIn the investigation in 1799, after the untimely death of his father, Juan Vicente (died 1786) and his mother Concepcion (died 1792), he traveled to Mexico, France and Spain, at the age of sixteen years to complete his education. While in Madrid during the years 1802, he married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaiza, who was his only wife. She was with the family of the Marqués del Toro in Caracas. Eight months after his return to Venezuela with her, she died at Gelbfieber.Bolívar back to Europe in 1804, where he lived in Napoleonic France for a while and took the Grand Tour. During his time in Europe, it was rumored that he met Alexander von Humboldt in Paris. Humboldt wrote in 1804 about a meeting with a young man in Paris and Humboldt had noticed how the young man loved the freedom and made for some lively conversation, but he left Humboldt unbeeindruckt.VerwandtschaftBolívar had no descendants. His closest living relatives are from his sisters and brother. One of his sisters died in infancy. His sister, Juana Bolívar y Palacios, married her maternal uncle Dionisio Palacios y Blanco and had two children, Guillermo and Benigna. Guillermo Palacios died fighting alongside his uncle Simon in the battle of La Hogaza on 2 Dezember 1817th Benigna had two marriages, the first who lived Breceño Pedro Méndez and Pedro on the second Amestoy.Ihr great-grandchildren, Bolívar’s closest living relative, Pedro and Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa (died 2009) in Caracas, from 2000.Seine oldest sister, Maria Antonia Pablo Clemente Francia married and had four children: Josefa, Anacleto, Valentina and Pablo. María Antonia Bolívar was the agent deal with his properties while he served as president of Gran Colombia, and she was an executor of his will. She retired in Macarao Bolivar’s estate, which she had by him geerbt.Sein older brother, Juan Vicente, who died in 1811 on a diplomatic mission to the United States, three illegitimate children whom he recognized born: Juan Fernando Simon and Felicia Bolívar Tinoco. Bolívar provided for the children and their mother after the death of his brother. Bolivar was too close, especially to Fernando and in 1822 sent him to the United States, where he studied at the University of Virginia. In his long life, Fernando had lived minor involvement in some of the most important political events in the history of Venezuela and also traveled extensively throughout Europe and. He had three children, Benjamin Bolívar Gauthier, Santiago Hernández Bolívar Bolívar and Claudio Taraja. Fernando died in 1898 at the age of 88.Politische conviction was an admirer of both the American Revolution and the French Revolution. He admired Thomas Jefferson and sent his nephew to the University of Virginia, which was founded, and was designed by Jefferson. Bolívar, however, differed in the political philosophy of the leaders of the revolution in the United States on two important things. First, he was staunchly against slavery, even though from an area of ​​Spanish America, which relied heavily on slave labor. Secondly, while he was an admirer of the United States, he did not believe that his government system in Latin America could Funktion.Im contrast, he referred to Spanish-America as a test has been subjected to the “triple yoke of ignorance, tyranny and vice “. If a republic could be established in such a country, in his mind, it would have made some concessions with regard to the freedom to make. This is displayed when Bolivar made the fall of the First Republic, responsible for his subordinates to imitate “some ethereal Republic” and in the process, not the attention to accompany the gloomy political reality in the books Südamerika.Unter him when he was gone, Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations,” Voltaire’s “Letters,” and when he wrote the Bolivian Constitution, Montesquieu’s Spirit of Laws. His Bolivian Constitution placed him in the camp of what would become Latin American conservatism in the late nineteenth century. The Bolivian Constitution had a lifelong presidency and hereditary senate, essentially recreating the British unwritten constitution, as it was then, without the formal establishment of a monarchy. It was his attempt to establish a similar constitution in Gran Colombia, which led to his downfall and the rejection of 1830 implementieren.In respect to its immigration policy in Colombia, he studied the immigration of North Americans and Europeans as necessary to improve the economy the country, art and science, the steps of the Latin American criollo elites who accepted without question many of the evolutionary theory, social and racial theories of their Zeit.FreimaurereiÄhnlich as some others in the history of the American Declaration of Independence (George Washington, José de San Martín, and Francisco Miranda), Simon Bolivar was a Mason. It was 1803 in the Masonic lodge Lautaro, which started operating in Cadiz, Spain. It was in this hut, which he for the first time some of his revolutionary colleagues such as José de San Martín. In May 1806 he received the rank of Master Mason in the “Scottish Mother of St. Alexander of Scotland” awarded in Paris. During his time in London, he attended “The Great American Reunion” Lodge in London, founded by Francisco de Miranda. Simón Bolívar in April 1824 was the 33rd Honorary Degree of Inspector General is gegeben.Politisches VermächtnisBolívar political legacy was massive and he is a very important figure in South African political history. The “Bolivarianism” of the past two decades, as attempted for instance in the Venezuela of Hugo Chavez, who evoke memories of Bolivar, with a left view of his writings and is intended as a basis for political ambitions Bewegung.Nach his defeat and early death It took more than a decade after his lost image in South America to rehabilitate. Proved in the 1840s, the memory of Bolívar as useful for the construction of a sense of the nation. In Venezuela, in particular, seemed a kind of “cult” to Bolívar, first under President José Antonio Páez and most dramatically under President Antonio Guzmán Blanco. Since the image of Bolívar was of crucial importance for the national identity of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, his coat is claimed by almost all politicians from across the political spectrum. Bolivia and Venezuela (the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela), both after Bolívar benannt.Denkmäler, institutions and local amende main square in Bogota, Colombia is the Plaza de Bolivar (Bolivar Square), in this square rise of the Colombian National Capitol, the Colombian Palace of Justice, the Palace of Lievano (which houses the mayor of Bogota), and the main cathedral of the Stadt.San Salvador, El Salvador. “Plaza Bolívar”, five meters high Reiterstandbild.Paris, France, equestrian statue between Alexandre III Bridge and the Petit Palais, a joint gift to the city of the “five Bolivarian republics” of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivien.Berlin in the section near the intersection with the Potsdam Landwehrkanal.London statue in Belgrave Square.Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain), “Simon Bolivar Street,” a street in downtown Bilbao to honor Bolivar and his Basque ancestry and a monument to Venezuela Platz.Bolivar (Basque Country, Spain), ancestral home town of Bolivar, a monument to Bolivar, a gift from Venezuela. A museum for Simon Bolivar, his family and ancestors in patrimonial house Simon Bolivar gebaut.Rom, equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar in the Piazzale over statue of Jose de San Martin.Tegucigalpa, Honduras, Büste.San Juan, Puerto Rico, Büste.Ottawa, means the friendship between Canada and South America (which caused some controversy at the time of its creation). Sydney, Australia, Büste.Montreal, Canada, Büste.Quebec City, in the Parc de l’Amérique Latine, Reiterstatue.Bolivar Peninsula, Texas , is a narrow strip of eroding land or “barrier island” stretching 27 miles along the Texas Gulf Coast in a northeasterly direction to east Galveston County (in the center of the peninsula is at 29 ° 26 ‘N form, 94 ° 41′ W). Bolivar, missouri statue of President Romulo Gallegos of Venezuela presented and dedicated by President Harry S. Truman. A central avenue in Ankara, the capital of turkey, a bust on the southeast side of Lake Eola in Orlando, Florida.Bolivar, West Virginia, his bears his name and shows Büste.Frankfurt, Germany, Büste.Washington DC, Denkmal.New York, Statue of Jose de San Martin faces and Jose Marti at the Fifty-ninth Street and Sixth Avenue entrance of Central Parks.Kairo, Egypt, next to the statue Intercontinental Hotel (Semiramis), on 11 Presented in February 1979. Participation in the inauguration of the newly designed Midan, Venezuela was the first lady, Dona Blanca Rodriguez de Perez, who came specially for the occasion. The 500-kilogram, 2.3-meter high bronze statue is attributed Venezuelan sculptor Carmelo Tabaco; accompanying the pedestal is the work of his countryman, Manuel Silveira Blanco. These are just some of the Beispiele.Santiago (Chile), monument celebrates Latin American Freedom, built in 1836 on the main square (Plaza de Armas), panel dedicated to Bolivar. Around 1836-40 a full-size equestrian statue was erected in his honor and is located in one place at the beginning of a road that trägt.Die his name, most cities and towns in Venezuela and Colombia have a bust or statue of Venezuela has Bolívar.In every city or municipality, a main square, Plaza Bolivar bekannt.Caracas, central avenue named Avenida Bolívar, at its terminus a twin-tower complex named Centro Simón Bolívar built in the 1950s, several state Stellen.Guayaquil, Ecuador, El Parque Bolivar , benannt.Währungen Bolivar Park Streets, provinces, and several schools to Bolivar in Ecuador genannt.Bolivar, DurangoMonterrey Mexican community in the state, an avenue and a metro station after him, the Bolivian and Venezuelan Bolivar.Caracas, Simón Bolívar University. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, main street, Avenida Bolivar in downtown Gazcue Bezirk.Bolivarischen games, sport event with athletes from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela.In the 1930s, during a time of unrest in Spain, was Montgomery Terrace in Mount Floria, Glasgow, Scotland, after Simón Bolívar, a Scottish Rite Freemason umbenannt.Es was named a U.S. Navy submarine to Simón Bolívar: the USS Simon Bolivar (SSBN 641). It was commissioned in October 1965, in September 1994 de-activated in February 1995 and decommissioned gestellt.Libanon: The Liberator Simon Bolivar deserves a special place in the hearts of Lebanese emigrants who went to Venezuela, especially in the northern Lebanese city of Al Hadath Jobbeh, where the days of Simon Bolivar or “Simon El-Haram,” as they say in Arabic (karam for generosity) is regarded as a regional holiday, and it takes place on 12 October each year, where a festival will take place in this city of North Lebanon. This tradition began in the 40s of last century, and every year many of the Lebanese emigrants to Venezuela to return to their homeland and celebrate this festival in the Familie.Boulogne-sur-Mer, France: A statue of him and other patriots, Jose de San Martin, liberator of Peru, San Martin lived his last years in this northern French coastal town. It’s where Bolivar to own a home and where he planned to get into exile in France he came. In addition, the statues of the French heritage of immigration to South America in the 18th and 19 Century, and the revolutionary ideals of the French Republic geehrt.Tulsa influenced Bolivar and San Martin, Oklahoma, USA: A statue of Simon Bolivar is located outside the front of the Gilcrease Museum, dedicated to his efforts to liberate Latin America. The oil tycoon was fascinated by the cultures of Latin America and the indigenous peoples of the Americas, in a part of the Thomas Gilcrease is part Creek Indian heritage. The statue was brought by an association of American citizens residing in Argentina, pioneers, and also point out the Cherokee immigrant settlers in Chile and other South American Ländern.Prag, Czech Republic: A statue of Bolivar in the district of Bubenec Prag.Belgrad, Serbia: A small street in the neighborhood of Altina in Zemun municipality Belgrad.Teheran, Iran. A street in Jannat Abad neighborhood in Tehran